On 28 October 1886, New York City held its very first ticker-tape parade as the Statue of Liberty was dedicated. A gift from the people of France to America, the statue was modeled after the Roman goddess Libertas, the goddess of freedom. The statue's original French designation, "La Liberté éclairant le monde" (Liberty enlightening the world), was an apt title for its purpose: a symbol of freedom's ability to better mankind and the United States' dedication to that principle.
When fundraising for the base of the statue faltered, fundraiser William Maxwell Evarts solicited Jewish-American poet Emma Lazarus to donate a poem to help the cause. After an initial refusal, Lazarus--a woman deeply involved in the causes of poor immigrants into the United States--was convinced by a friend that the statue would be of great significance to immigrants who sailed by it on their way into the U.S. Lazarus penned a sonnet that she titled, "The New Colossus", a reference to the ancient Greek Colossus. The text of that sonnet was engraved on a plaque and mounted inside the lower level of the Statue of Liberty's base.
The New Colossus, by Emma Lazarus
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
The statue came quickly to symbolize not only American freedom as a beacon of hope to the world, but also the offer of that freedom to any who would seek refuge on American shores and citizenship in the United States. The torch of the statue--originally intended to represent "Liberty's light to the world"--became a lighthouse lamp showing the way from poverty-stricken, oppressive lands and guiding would-be immigrants seeking the "Land of Opportunity" to America's welcoming shores.
Today--over 125 years removed from the dedication of the beacon of liberty that has come to be a symbol of the United States itself--the irony of Lazarus' sonnet weighs heavily. Today, many Americans don't seem interested in welcoming the "tired, the poor, the huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore...the homeless, or the tempest-tossed" into our borders. Many have forgotten Lady Liberty's title of "Mother of Exiles" and would damp out the light which "From her beacon-hand glowed world-wide welcome."
In the early 1900's, great numbers of immigrants from the Old World fled the abject poverty of their homelands in hopes of being able to provide means for the survival of their families and looked up at the giant statue as they sailed into New York Harbor full of hope. Not many could have even read the English writing of Lazarus' poem which was engraved on the bronze plaque at the statue's base. After all, impoverished Italian and Irish immigrants were more worried about means for survival than the luxury of studying a new language; avoiding starvation was a more immediate concern for them than becoming multi-lingual. By sheer necessity they integrated American language and culture into their lives, but the perfecting of accents and grammar were hardly high on their "to-do" list and nor should they have been!
The influx of Old World immigrants was hardly welcomed by many Americans of the day. Concerns about potential increases in crime and negative impacts on the economy abounded. There can be little doubt that both took place to some degree, but the Chicken Little worries of Americans who claimed that the mass immigrations would plunge the United States into an abyss of crime and economic destruction were proved to be full only of sound and fury, not of real significance. On the contrary, the American culture and economy were ultimately strengthened and bolstered by immigrated ingenuity. The intellectual contributions of Albert Einstein and Joseph Pulitzer (both first-generation Americans) and the innovative ideas of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford (both born to parents who were first-generation immigrants) stand out as prominent examples, but countless millions of smaller contributions go largely unheralded.
America couldn't be who she is without the immigrants who were welcomed by Lady Liberty. Unfortunately, we seem to have come full-circle in the present day.
Even while the New Colossus is glorified as the symbol of all that is American, fences are constructed around her borders--alas for Lazarus' "golden door"!--to keep out the "wretched refuse" that America no longer has room in its heart to tolerate. Again the cries of warning that we shall be overrun by crime and economic woe are heard in any discussions of immigration policy. While there is, of course, no way to prevent every bad apple from crossing our "hallowed" borders, Americans who have grown accustomed to being able to simply turn on a faucet and get clean water to brew their fancy coffee or visit a fast food drive-thru for a midnight snack gaze down their noses at impoverished "illegal aliens" who sneak past the electrified fences that seal off the "Land of Opportunity". Americans who take for granted owning a vehicle, having a bank account, and filling their pantries with nearly enough rations to survive a nuclear holocaust are bitter that immigrants who can barely feed themselves and their families don't speak "The President's English" (and don't do so with their own favored accent, no less).
Today it is not the Irish or the Italian or the Polish immigrant upon whom the disdain is heaped, but it is heaped nonetheless. The undesireables hail from the New World these days and seek to cross into our borders from the South, where no New Colossus stands to greet them. Taking the menial jobs that many Americans consider to be beneath them, these new immigrants seek to make a living picking the crops or cleaning the homes or building the structures of the very ones who demean and despise them--no less than their Irish and Italian and Polish predecessors were demeaned and despised.
There is no question that certain policies and procedures should be followed to grant entry and citizenship to our great nation, but at what point did we decide we should make it so difficult or so rationed? At what point did we turn from the lessons that we learned a century ago that--far from weakening America--immigration strengthened us and made us better?
At what point do we need to retire that plaque upon which Lazarus' poem is inscribed and commission another which tells of the darker truth of our current views and policies? At what point is "The New Colossus" no longer appropriate or applicable?
Whatever point that might be, I hope it never comes. If it is too late and we have already crossed that point, may we turn full-about and full steam to the engines.
O, let my land be a land where Liberty
Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath,
But opportunity is real, and life is free,
Equality is in the air we breathe.
Let America be America again.
Let her be the dream she used to be. ~ Langston Hughes, Let America Be America Again
When fundraising for the base of the statue faltered, fundraiser William Maxwell Evarts solicited Jewish-American poet Emma Lazarus to donate a poem to help the cause. After an initial refusal, Lazarus--a woman deeply involved in the causes of poor immigrants into the United States--was convinced by a friend that the statue would be of great significance to immigrants who sailed by it on their way into the U.S. Lazarus penned a sonnet that she titled, "The New Colossus", a reference to the ancient Greek Colossus. The text of that sonnet was engraved on a plaque and mounted inside the lower level of the Statue of Liberty's base.
The New Colossus, by Emma Lazarus
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
The statue came quickly to symbolize not only American freedom as a beacon of hope to the world, but also the offer of that freedom to any who would seek refuge on American shores and citizenship in the United States. The torch of the statue--originally intended to represent "Liberty's light to the world"--became a lighthouse lamp showing the way from poverty-stricken, oppressive lands and guiding would-be immigrants seeking the "Land of Opportunity" to America's welcoming shores.
Today--over 125 years removed from the dedication of the beacon of liberty that has come to be a symbol of the United States itself--the irony of Lazarus' sonnet weighs heavily. Today, many Americans don't seem interested in welcoming the "tired, the poor, the huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore...the homeless, or the tempest-tossed" into our borders. Many have forgotten Lady Liberty's title of "Mother of Exiles" and would damp out the light which "From her beacon-hand glowed world-wide welcome."
In the early 1900's, great numbers of immigrants from the Old World fled the abject poverty of their homelands in hopes of being able to provide means for the survival of their families and looked up at the giant statue as they sailed into New York Harbor full of hope. Not many could have even read the English writing of Lazarus' poem which was engraved on the bronze plaque at the statue's base. After all, impoverished Italian and Irish immigrants were more worried about means for survival than the luxury of studying a new language; avoiding starvation was a more immediate concern for them than becoming multi-lingual. By sheer necessity they integrated American language and culture into their lives, but the perfecting of accents and grammar were hardly high on their "to-do" list and nor should they have been!
The influx of Old World immigrants was hardly welcomed by many Americans of the day. Concerns about potential increases in crime and negative impacts on the economy abounded. There can be little doubt that both took place to some degree, but the Chicken Little worries of Americans who claimed that the mass immigrations would plunge the United States into an abyss of crime and economic destruction were proved to be full only of sound and fury, not of real significance. On the contrary, the American culture and economy were ultimately strengthened and bolstered by immigrated ingenuity. The intellectual contributions of Albert Einstein and Joseph Pulitzer (both first-generation Americans) and the innovative ideas of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford (both born to parents who were first-generation immigrants) stand out as prominent examples, but countless millions of smaller contributions go largely unheralded.
America couldn't be who she is without the immigrants who were welcomed by Lady Liberty. Unfortunately, we seem to have come full-circle in the present day.
Even while the New Colossus is glorified as the symbol of all that is American, fences are constructed around her borders--alas for Lazarus' "golden door"!--to keep out the "wretched refuse" that America no longer has room in its heart to tolerate. Again the cries of warning that we shall be overrun by crime and economic woe are heard in any discussions of immigration policy. While there is, of course, no way to prevent every bad apple from crossing our "hallowed" borders, Americans who have grown accustomed to being able to simply turn on a faucet and get clean water to brew their fancy coffee or visit a fast food drive-thru for a midnight snack gaze down their noses at impoverished "illegal aliens" who sneak past the electrified fences that seal off the "Land of Opportunity". Americans who take for granted owning a vehicle, having a bank account, and filling their pantries with nearly enough rations to survive a nuclear holocaust are bitter that immigrants who can barely feed themselves and their families don't speak "The President's English" (and don't do so with their own favored accent, no less).
Today it is not the Irish or the Italian or the Polish immigrant upon whom the disdain is heaped, but it is heaped nonetheless. The undesireables hail from the New World these days and seek to cross into our borders from the South, where no New Colossus stands to greet them. Taking the menial jobs that many Americans consider to be beneath them, these new immigrants seek to make a living picking the crops or cleaning the homes or building the structures of the very ones who demean and despise them--no less than their Irish and Italian and Polish predecessors were demeaned and despised.
There is no question that certain policies and procedures should be followed to grant entry and citizenship to our great nation, but at what point did we decide we should make it so difficult or so rationed? At what point did we turn from the lessons that we learned a century ago that--far from weakening America--immigration strengthened us and made us better?
At what point do we need to retire that plaque upon which Lazarus' poem is inscribed and commission another which tells of the darker truth of our current views and policies? At what point is "The New Colossus" no longer appropriate or applicable?
Whatever point that might be, I hope it never comes. If it is too late and we have already crossed that point, may we turn full-about and full steam to the engines.
O, let my land be a land where Liberty
Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath,
But opportunity is real, and life is free,
Equality is in the air we breathe.
Let America be America again.
Let her be the dream she used to be. ~ Langston Hughes, Let America Be America Again
Scribble on the wall